The term "gut flora" refers to the bacterial colonization in our digestive tract and is now generally familiar to most readers. It is frequently found in magazines, books, and internet articles. The term was coined more than 120 years ago, but from a scientific perspective, it is completely incorrect.
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In earlier times, it was believed that bacteria and many other microorganisms belonged to plants, the so-called "flora." However, it is now known that bacteria form an independent domain within the system of living organisms and share no characteristics with plants.
Our gut contains an incredibly high number of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms. The number of bacteria alone is as large as all of our body cells combined. The large intestine is the site with the highest density of microorganisms in the world.
To correctly describe the entirety of our bacteria, there are two terms: "microbiota" and "microbiome".
These two terms are gradually but steadily gaining acceptance in science and society and will completely replace the outdated term "gut flora" in the coming years.
The term "microbiota" refers to the totality of microorganisms in a specific area of the body. The "microbiome", on the other hand, refers to the genetic material – the genetic makeup – of the microbiota. Today, both terms are often used interchangeably to describe our bacterial colonization.
The human body is fully colonized by bacteria and other microorganisms. In addition to the gut microbiota, we also have skin, oral, lung, and vaginal microbiota.
These tiny helpers are of special importance to our body, as we could not function properly without them.
They fend off pathogens, protect the gut lining, and ensure efficient utilization of our food.