Diarrhea and Fluid Loss
Diarrheal illnesses are particularly associated with increased fluid loss. It is important to drink plenty of fluids, as severe diarrhea depletes the body of essential electrolytes (salts) and fluids.
Acute vs. Chronic Diarrhea
Basically, a distinction is made between acute and chronic diarrhea. Acute diarrhea is usually caused by pathogenic germs such as Salmonella or Norovirus and lasts one to two days. Chronic diarrhea occurs repeatedly over a longer period. Regardless of whether it is acute or chronic, a properly balanced sugar-salt solution quickly replenishes the body with the minerals it needs for nearly all metabolic processes.
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Avoiding Dehydration
Adequate fluid intake is the most important measure to prevent dehydration. Even a slight deficiency can lead to headaches, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and a general decline in well-being.
Tips Against Dehydration
Drink plenty – but the right fluids: non-carbonated or low-carbonated mineral waters with a high mineral content are particularly suitable. Vegetable broth can also compensate for electrolyte losses. Milk and alcohol should be avoided.
Homemade Electrolyte Solution According to WHO:
- Approx. 4 teaspoons of glucose
- 3/4 teaspoon of table salt (sodium chloride)
- 1 teaspoon of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate)
- 1 cup of orange juice (potassium chloride)
- Mix everything in 1 liter of still mineral water
During diarrhea, an adult should drink about 2 liters per day. Alternatively, herbal or fruit teas are suitable. The prepared solution can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 24 hours. Ready-made electrolyte solutions from the pharmacy can also be used.
Conclusion
Diarrhea that lasts longer than a month and is accompanied by symptoms such as fever, blood in the stool, or significant weight loss should be medically evaluated. Otherwise, drink enough electrolyte-rich fluids (about 2 liters per day) and use probiotic products to rebuild the gut microbiota and regulate bowel movements.
Sources:
E. Höfler, P. Sprengart, 2nd edition, 2018: Practical Dietetics – Basics, Goals and Implementation of Nutritional Therapy
