The history of antibiotics
Antibiotics are essential medications, but they are also subject to criticism due to potential side effects. Their use began with the Scottish physician and bacteriologist Alexander Fleming, who accidentally discovered that the mold Penicillium inhibited the growth of staphylococci. Penicillin was introduced to the market in 1942, enabling the successful treatment of bacterial infections.
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Effects of Antibiotics
Many people still expect an antibiotic for viral infections, even though these only help with bacterial illnesses. The mechanisms of action of antibiotic groups are diverse: some destroy the bacterial cell wall, while others directly target genetic material (DNA) or protein production.
Development of Resistance
Even though the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine has been reduced, consumption in humans remains high. This leads to increasing antibiotic resistance, which raises the need for reserve antibiotics. Bacteria adapt to antibiotics, exchange genes, and develop survival strategies. Ultimately, all antibiotic classes may become ineffective, rendering antibiotics powerless.
Other Negative Effects
Resistance development is just one consequence. Antibiotics often attack the entire gut flora without distinguishing between pathogens and beneficial bacteria. Weeks after therapy, diarrhea can occur. In the long term, the gut microbiota can become imbalanced, leading to a so-called leaky gut syndrome: harmful substances such as allergens or toxins can pass through a compromised gut barrier into the bloodstream, causing low-level inflammation that can promote chronic diseases over time.
No Antibiotic Without a Probiotic
Experts recommend using probiotics already during antibiotic therapy. These support the restoration of the gut microbiota and help displace harmful bacteria such as Clostridium difficile. Advantage: the gut is strengthened during antibiotic therapy, preventing the spread of pathogens. Probiotic therapy should be continued alongside and even after discontinuation of antibiotics.
Conclusion
Antibiotics are indispensable for bacterial infections. However, high prescription rates lead to resistance as bacteria adapt. To minimize damage to the gut microbiota, every antibiotic should be accompanied by a probiotic. The biologically active bacteria help rebuild the gut microbiota and prevent the adhesion of harmful bacteria.
